The prosopographical study of French executive entourages between 1974 and 2012 allows us to measure the effect of political liberalism on the State’s elites. In particular, the study compares the presidency of its to those which preceded it. Firstly, it shows that the political liberalism of Nicolas Sarkozy’s presidency has not ended the monopoly of the senior civil service or that of the major administrative bodies in relation to these entourages. Renewal does not, therefore, concern institutions. In contrast, the profiles of senior civil servants who reach the highest echelons of the State have changed dramatically, especially when compared to those in existence during Valéry Giscard d’Estaing’s term in office. Members of these entourages are now far more likely to have come through the private company route than through ministerial cabinets and are much more involved in political activities. The study also demonstrates that a dissociation and hierarchy effect has occurred between the various entourages.